Hi
To be honest I would get the wheels off( hopefully its not fluid filled wheels or wheel weighted too

) and take the Brakes apart right from the get go

. then you will know it is all good or whats bad and go from there.
Most of the tractors i have done in Manitoba have issues like oil contamination, seized cables/ adjusters , damaged cables, or just plain worn shoes and drums or botched parts like springs and stuff, where the shop monkeys have played with them and should of just kept out as they had no clue what they where doing

.
With it being brakes you need to know for sure as it is yours and anybody within 300fts safety if its not right

.
The adjusting slot is at 3 o clock in your second picture you only need a large flat blade screw driver to flick the adjuster round,Also with this it will make more sense with how it works if you take it all apart and go through the system.
This is Probably not the answer you wanted to hear but from my experience its the best way to go with them not working at all and stuck cables
Regards Robert
A Fordson is for life not just for Christmas !.